Eye Diseases
Intricate and powerful, the eyes convert light into detailed visual information and send it to the brain via the optic nerve. However, a variety of eye diseases—caused by genetic, viral, or bacterial factors—can interfere with this process and lead to serious vision problems.
Early detection is key. If you notice any unusual eye symptoms—such as changes in vision, sensitivity to light, or eye pain—schedule an eye exam promptly. Many conditions can be managed or slowed with timely diagnosis and treatment.
Stargardt Disease
Stargardt disease is a genetic form of macular degeneration that typically affects children or young adults. Also known as Stargardt macular dystrophy, it causes progressive vision loss due to damage in the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision.
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)
RP refers to a group of inherited diseases that gradually destroy the retina’s light-sensitive cells, leading to night blindness, tunnel vision, and eventual loss of sight. Although rare, RP is a major cause of inherited blindness and can be challenging to diagnose early.
Macular Dystrophy
Similar to age-related macular degeneration, macular dystrophy damages the macula and leads to central vision loss—but it can affect younger individuals. It is often genetic and may progress at different rates depending on the specific type.
Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a condition in which the cornea (the clear front part of the eye) thins and bulges into a cone shape, leading to distorted and blurred vision. It typically appears in the teen years or early adulthood and may require specialty contact lenses or surgical treatment in advanced cases.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis
CMV retinitis is a serious viral infection of the retina that can cause blindness if left untreated. It most often affects individuals with weakened immune systems, especially those with advanced HIV/AIDS. Early antiviral treatment is critical to preserving vision.
Fuchs’ Corneal Dystrophy
This condition affects the innermost layer of the cornea, leading to swelling, blurred vision, and corneal clouding over time. Fuchs’ dystrophy can be hereditary and may eventually require corneal transplant surgery if symptoms become severe.
Don’t Ignore Unusual Vision Changes
Eye diseases often progress gradually and without pain. Regular eye exams help detect issues early—when treatment is most effective. If you have a family history of eye disease or experience new symptoms, talk to your eye care provider about screening and prevention options.
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